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U4 Helpdesk Answer

Approaches to monitor identified external corruption risks in development programmes

Corruption risk management has become a standard feature of many aid agencies’ development programming. While various approaches to monitor corruption risks exist, this Helpdesk Answer presents a systematic method that can capture the fluctuating risk profile of a programme over time while also assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures designed to keep integrity risks within tolerable limits. This approach stresses the need to consider potential integrity issues across the programme’s value chain, from the policymaking level to the client interface, to ensure that corruption mitigation efforts do not focus unduly on highly visible threats at the expense of tackling less obvious issues that may have a more profound impact on desired outcomes.

5 April 2020
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Approaches to monitor identified external corruption risks in development programmes

Main points

  • Effective corruption risk management does not end with risk identification but rather the development of appropriate mitigation measures and indicators to track risks.
  • Development practitioners must adapt standard guidance to their specific needs, developing bespoke tools to identify, assess, mitigate and monitor corruption risks across the entire project cycle.
  • Value chain analysis helps to identify less obvious corruption risks that can have perfidious effects on programme outcomes.
  • Monitoring the incidence of corruption is notoriously difficult, but a combination of different kinds of indicators offers a relatively reliable insight into the effectiveness and performance of anti-corruption safeguards designed to ensure transparency, accountability and participation in development programming.

Cite this publication


Rahman, K. (2020) Approaches to monitor identified external corruption risks in development programmes. Bergen: U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, Chr. Michelsen Institute (U4 Helpdesk Answer 2020:13)

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About the author

Kaunain Rahman

Kaunain received her Master's in Corruption and Governance from The Centre for the Study of Corruption at the University of Sussex in the UK where her focus area of research was corruption in international business. She works as Research Coordinator at Transparency International (TI), and her main responsibilities lie with the Anti-Corruption Helpdesk.

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All views in this text are the author(s)’, and may differ from the U4 partner agencies’ policies.

This work is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

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